El Helalyaالمؤسسة
تاريخ التسجيل : 08/08/2008
 |  موضوع: Anti-hypotensive agents السبت 5 يونيو 2010 - 21:01 | |
| Hypotension
low
blood pressure
Causes of low blood pressure include:
·
Dehydration.
·
Heart failure.
·
Heart attack.
·
Changes in heart rhythm
(arrhythmias).
·
Anaphylaxis
(a life-threatening allergic response).
·
Shock (from severe infection,
stroke, anaphylaxis, major trauma, or
heart attack).
·
Advanced diabetes.
Low
blood pressure is commonly
caused by drugs such as:
·
Anti-anxiety medications.
·
Heart medicines, including those
used to treat high blood pressure and
coronary heart disease.
·
Diuretics.
·
Certain antidepressants (tricyclics
MAOIs).
·
Pain
killers.
·
Alcohol.
Symptoms
may include:
·
Blurry vision.
·
Confusion.
·
Dizziness.
·
Lightheadedness.
·
Sleepiness.
·
Weakness.
Orthostatic
hypotension:
(also
known as postural hypotension)
is a form of hypotension in which there
is a sudden (less than 3
minutes) fall in blood pressure, typically
greater than 20/10 mm Hg,
that occurs when a person assumes a standing
position, usually
after a prolonged period of rest.
Orthostatic
hypotension is primarily
caused by gravity-induced blood pooling in the
lower extremities,
which in turn compromises venous return, resulting
in decreased
cardiac output and subsequently lowering of arterial
pressure.
For
example, if a person changes from
a lying position to standing, he will
lose about 700 ml of blood
from the thorax.
It
can also be noted that although there is a
decreased systolic
(contracting) blood pressure, there is actually
an increased diastolic
(resting) blood pressure. However, the
overall effect is an insufficient
blood perfusion in the upper part
of the body.
Still,
the blood pressure does not normally fall very much, because it
immediately
triggers a vasoconstriction (baroreceptor reflex), pressing
the
blood up into the body again. Therefore, a secondary factor is
required
that, in turn, cause a fall in blood pressure greater than
normal.
Such
factors include:
· Hypovolemia:
a decreased
amount of blood in the body, resulting from bleeding, the
excessive
use of diuretics, vasodilators, or other types of drugs,
dehydration,
or prolonged bed rest. It also occurs in people with
anemia.
· Atherosclerosis:
a build-up
of fatty deposits in the arteries.
·
Diabetes.
· Addison's
disease:adrenal gland produces
insufficient amounts of steroid
hormones (glucocorticoids).
·
Parkinson's Disease.
Medication
as:
·
Anti-depressants, (tricyclics
MAOIs).
·
It
is also a side effect of the short-term use of marijuana.
Risk
factors:
·
Elderness.
·
Postpartum mothers.
·
Those who have been on bedrest for
long time.
·
Teenagers
because of their large amounts of growth in a short period of
time.
·
People
suffering from anorexia.
·
Dehydration.
Some
suggestions for minimizing
the effects include:
·
Standing slowly.
·
Patient sit on the side of their
bed for about a minute so they do not
have the sudden dizziness.
·
Take a deep breath and flex your
abdominal muscles while rising to
maintain blood and oxygen in the
brain.
·
As
eating lowers blood pressure, eat multiple smaller meals rather than
fewer
larger meals. Take extra care when standing after eating.
Anti-hypotensive
agents
Heptaminol
An
amino alcohol used as myocardial
stimulant and vasodilator and to
relieve bronchospasm.
Its
most common therapeutic use is in
orthostatic hypotension.
Rx
Cariamyl
tabs
Corasore
tabs/drops
Hepta
drops
Heptaminol
tabs
Respirin
drops
Etilefrine
A
sympathomimetic amine (A, B1,
B2-agonist) vasopressor agent (Stimulating
contraction of the
muscular tissue of the capillaries and arteries ).
Rx
Effortil
tabs/drops
Vascon
tabs/drops
Fludrocortisone
A
synthetic corticosteroid. It is
used primarily to replace the missing
hormone aldosterone in various
forms of adrenal insufficiency such as
Addison's disease and the
classic salt wasting. It is used to treat
orthostatic hypotension as
well.
Precaution:
used
with caution for CHF patients,
Diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer,
Psychosis & because it increase
the BP not used for Hypertensive
patients.
Rx
Astonin-H
tabs
Cortilon
tabs
Midodrine
An
alpha-sympathomimetic drug
vasopressor agent. It is used to treat
orthostatic hypotension.
Rx
Gutron
tabs/drops
Midodrine
tabs/drops
Anti-hypotensive
agents
is contraindicated with other
prescription and over-the-counter
medicines that may cause an
increase in blood pressure, such as cough,
cold, or allergy
products, weight loss products, asthma or respiratory
medicines,
migraine headache medicines, heart or blood pressure
medicines, or
antidepressants.
===================
بحث
مختصر أرجو الفائدة للجميع
و
جزاكم الله خيراً
و
السلام عليكم
منقووول ابو
مسلم الصيدلى
 الموضوع : Anti-hypotensive agents المصدر :منتديات تقى الإسلامية الكاتب: El Helalya |
|
الجنه تنادينيالاشراف العام
تاريخ التسجيل : 16/05/2010
| | موضوع: رد: Anti-hypotensive agents الخميس 23 يونيو 2011 - 12:44 | |
| يعطيك العافيه موضوع جميل ومفيد
جزاك الله يخير الموضوع : Anti-hypotensive agents المصدر :منتديات تقى الإسلامية الكاتب: الجنه تناديني توقيع العضو/ه:الجنه تناديني | |
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واسلاماهالمراقبة العامة
تاريخ التسجيل : 23/06/2009
| | موضوع: رد: Anti-hypotensive agents الجمعة 8 يوليو 2011 - 20:12 | |
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